The accused man, aged 50 years, did not speak during the brief appearance and was assigned a German interpreter.

Michael Casey, 28, was charged with 17 counts of dangerous driving during the alleged chase from St Aidan's Church, Tallaght, to Woodhaven Golf Club, Bray, Co. Wicklow, on Saturday afternoon.

In court, Mr Mureddu - flanked by a prison officer on either side - told Judge Gabbett that he was in court under duress after being kidnapped.

Bohdan Bezverkhyi of Rigsdale House, Rigsdale, Ballinhassig, Co Cork has pleaded not guilty to dangerous driving.

Gerry Daly (57) has pleaded not guilty to dangerous driving causing the death of Jacqueline Griffin (39) on the M50 in 2019

The boy, 16, who cannot be identified because he is a minor, appeared before Judge Paul Kelly at the Dublin Children’s Court on Wednesday

The court heard Stephen Bedford maintained that he was threatened and left but came across a second branch of the protesters and tried to drive slowly.